All the colleges was in fact classified by the Chilean Ministry off Training into three accounts, namely reasonable-achieving schools, mid-achieving schools and you can higher-finding universities, dependent this new efficiency of their children throughout SIMCE evaluation ( thirty two ) .

Anthropometric proportions and you can health reputation

Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score

Socio-financial updates

Socio-financial status (SES) is measured using a scale according to Graffar’s altered method and therefore is adjusted so you can Chilean metropolitan and outlying communities ( Source Alvarez, Muzzo and you may Ivaple on the five socio-economic communities: 1=high (0·step three %); 2=mid–higher (14·eight %); 3=middle (step 38·3 %); 4=mid–reduced (45·6 %); and you may 5=lowest (step one·step 1 %). Although not, within our study we merged this type of five classes into the three: highest (1+2), middle (3) and you can reasonable (4+5) SES.

Statistical studies

Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so tendermeets we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.

Performance

Our very own test was developed up out-of 13·1 ( sd dos·3) year-dated male (52 %) and you may women (48 %) teenagers of lower (44·3 %), middle (39·six %) and you may large (step one6·step one %) SES. It attended fifth (51·9 %) and you will 9th (48·1 %) degrees in public (34·8 %), partially paid (57·8 %) and personal schools (7·cuatro %) about Santiago Urban Part. As for health standing, forty-five % regarding members have been over weight otherwise obese. Almost half the students (48 %) attended higher-achieving universities, while 31 % and you can 23 % went to mid- and you will reasonable-finding colleges, respectively.

Regarding shot, 56 % of pupils advertised usage of items on treat date that have been filled with pounds, sugar, sodium and effort. Thirty-half dozen per cent was basically thought about having terrible-to-fair snacking, whereas just 8 % was considered to eat healthy products from inside the treat day on college. Dining table step one provides the detailed analytics of one’s sample. Mediocre viewpoints of scores from inside the Code and you will Mathematics were rather ong those with lower health quality of food at school (P=0·01). The latest show off people sipping substandard food in school is actually rather large one of 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), pupils going to reasonable-achieving schools (61 %; P=0·036), along with certainly skinny and typical-weight members (69 % and you can 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).

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